前言
??????? ** as an employer has a moral and legal requirement to ensure that suitable personal protective clothing and equipment is provided, and information and training is provided to all employees in regard to the care and use of such personal protective equipment.? Under the same regulations employees have a legal requirement to properly use all PPE that has been supplied to them correctly and that if any defects are found with said equipment, it must be brought to the immediate attention of their Supervisor.
??????? **作為雇傭方有道義和法律上的要求，保證提供合適的個人防護衣物和設(shè)備，并向雇員提供信息和培訓(xùn)，關(guān)注個人勞動保護用品的使用。此規(guī)定也同樣要求雇員正確使用所提供的個人防護用品，并在發(fā)現(xiàn)上述設(shè)備有缺陷時，立即向其主管報告。
??????? 1.?AIM
??????? 目的
??????? The aim of this safe work practice is to ensure a safe system of work by utilizing the proper personal protective equipment. This practice is intended to provide management with the background information and data, a selection and decision criteria and the necessary specifications to establish an effective Personal Protective Equipment Program.
??????? 此程序旨在提供一個保證使用個人保護設(shè)備的安全工作系統(tǒng)，對背景數(shù)據(jù)、選擇、決定標準和規(guī)格進行管理，以建立一個所要求的有效的個人保護設(shè)備程序。
??????? 2.?PROCEDURE
??????? 程序
??????? Personal protective clothing and equipment are not substitutes for effective engineering controls, safe working conditions or sound work practices, but can play an essential part in the protection of the worker.? Personal protective equipment does not eliminate the hazard but is an aid in controlling individual exposures so far as to prevent injury or adverse health effects.
??????? 個人防護衣物和設(shè)備不是為了替代有效的工程管理、安全工作狀況或可靠的工作規(guī)定，但它在保護工作人員方面能起到主要的作用。個人保護用品不能消除危害因素，但是能幫助控制個人對危害環(huán)境中的暴露，使其避免受傷或健康受到危害。
??????? Risks to health and safety may occur whenever there is exposure to chemical, physical or biological hazards.? The degree of risk depends on the severity of the hazard and the degree of exposure. The many and varied jobs that will be undertaken by ** employees and contractors presents a wide range of potential risks to health and safety.? Control of risk exposures to an acceptable level depends on the identification and evaluation of the hazards with reference to acceptable exposure standards and or specifications. The use of personal protective equipment is only one of a number of control options that may be available.
??????? 暴露于化學(xué)、物理或生物危害環(huán)境中時，對健康和安全會帶來風險。風險的程度取決于危害的嚴重性和暴露程度。**員工和承包商所要承擔的許多工作表明在很大范圍內(nèi)對健康和安全有潛在風險。要將它們控制在一個可接受的水平，就需要根據(jù)暴露標準對危害因素進行識別和評估。使用個人防護用品只是許多可使用的控制方案中的一種。
??????? 3.?HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
??????? 危害因素的識別
??????? Identify the nature of the hazard, the chemical and/or physical agent, its characteristics, potential routes of entry or contact and the harmful effects of exposure to that hazard.?
??????? 識別危害種類以及它們的化學(xué)或物理性質(zhì)、特征、可能的進入或接觸途徑以及暴露于該危害因素下的有害影響。
??????? 4.?RISK ASSESSMENT / JOB HAZARDS ASSESSMENT
??????? 風險評估/工作危險評估
??????? ** requires that risk be assessed on the basis of the likelihood of exposure and the perceived outcome from the exposure.? A thoroughly conducted Job Hazard Assessment results in the estimation of risks associated with a task or activity as well as the identification of appropriate control measures such as the type of personal protective equipment that will be required.
??????? **要求根據(jù)暴露的可能性和對暴露的理解程度來評估風險。一個完整的工作危險評估指導(dǎo)依賴于任務(wù)或行動的危險評價，辨認合適的控制措施，比如根據(jù)需要提供個人保護設(shè)備的類型。
??????? 5.?CHOICE OF CONTROL OPTIONS
??????? 控制方案的選擇
??????? When action is required to reduce risks to health and safety, Management of any employer is responsible for the development and implementation of the appropriate controls based on relevant standards, guidelines and/or legislation and safe working practices.?
??????? 當要求采取行動來降低對健康、安全的風險時，組織的任何雇員有責任根據(jù)有關(guān)的標準、指導(dǎo)方針或法規(guī)、安全工作規(guī)定等，建立和執(zhí)行合適的控制措施。
??????? When it is not feasible to control the risks by the methods described, personal protective equipment (either on its own or in combination with other controls), may be used as a control option to minimize personal exposure, but bearing in mind the following limitations:
??????? 當采用上述方法來進行控制不切合實際時，個人防護用品（個人防護用品本身或與其它控制手段相結(jié)合）可以作為一種控制方案，以使個人對危害因素的暴露降到最低，但在思想上要考慮以下限制：
??????? PPE does not reduce or eliminate the hazard.
??????? 個人防護用品不能減少或消除危害因素。
??????? If the protective equipment is defective, or becomes ineffective whilst being worn, the wearer may become exposed to the hazard without necessarily being aware of it.
??????? 如果防護用品有缺陷或已經(jīng)磨損失效，穿戴者可能沒有意識到這些而暴露于危害因素之下。
??????? PPE provides protection for the wearer only, the potential exposure of unprotected people in the area must be considered.
??????? 個人防護用品只為穿戴者提供了保護，而在區(qū)域內(nèi)未受到保護人員的潛在暴露必須得到考慮。
??????? The use of PPE may introduce additional hazards to the wearer.? The equipment may interfere with one or more of the senses, e.g. full-face respirators restrict side vision and gloves may reduce manual dexterity.
??????? 使用個人防護用品可能會給穿戴者帶來額外的危害。這些用品可能干擾了穿戴者的一種或多種感官，例如全面罩呼吸器會限制他的側(cè)視能力，手套會影響手的靈活性。
??????? PPE may transfer the hazard to another location.? Toxic chemicals may be absorbed on boots and coveralls and transferred to accommodation areas.
??????? 個人防護用品會將危害因素傳遞到其它地方。有毒的化學(xué)物可能會吸附在套鞋和連體服上，并被帶到生活區(qū)域。
??????? PPE, particularly respiratory protection, may not be suitable for continuous use.