通過(guò)計(jì)算很顯然：基本事件X17對(duì)頂上事件發(fā)生的影響最大，基本事件X14,X15,X14的影響次之，而其它基本事件的影響較小。

3.1 management system

　　建立健全各種管理制度，制定符合橋式起重機(jī)的安全規(guī)章制度。嚴(yán)格按照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《起重機(jī)吊運(yùn)指揮信號(hào)》(GB5082—85)的規(guī)定，除礦井提升設(shè)備和載人電梯外，使用其它其中機(jī)械作業(yè)時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的起重吊運(yùn)指揮信號(hào)。對(duì)在用起重機(jī)要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的檢查，如存在隱患，應(yīng)及時(shí)采取措施，限期消除；維修保養(yǎng)不徹底的起重機(jī)禁止投入使用；嚴(yán)格防止僥幸和冒險(xiǎn)的行為發(fā)生，真正樹(shù)立以人為本的原則，樹(shù)立“安全第一、預(yù)防為主”的方針。

Establish and perfect the management system, develop to comply with the safety rules and regulations of bridge crane. In strict accordance with the national standard " crane " command signal ( GB5082 - 85 ) regulations, except for the equipment and the passenger elevator in mine hoist, the use of other mechanical operation, to achieve the national unified commanding signal for lifting and moving. For serious examination in the crane to, such as the existence of hidden dangers, should take timely measures, eliminate the deadline; repair maintenance is not completely banned the Crane put into use; strictly prevent the occurrence of luck and risky behavior, truly people-oriented principle, establish the "safety first, prevention first " approach.

　　3.2操作原則

3.2 principles of operation

　　起重機(jī)操作的要領(lǐng)是穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)、快、安全、合理。穩(wěn)是指在起升和運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，吊鉤和吊運(yùn)物應(yīng)停于所需要的位置，不產(chǎn)生游擺和晃動(dòng)；準(zhǔn)是指能把吊鉤平穩(wěn)準(zhǔn)確地停在所需要的位置；快是指在穩(wěn)和準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上，使各運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)地配合工作，以最少的時(shí)間，最近的運(yùn)行距離完成吊運(yùn)工作。這里所說(shuō)的穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)、快、安全、合理幾個(gè)方面是互相聯(lián)系、不可分割的。不穩(wěn)不準(zhǔn)就不能快；不保證安全生產(chǎn)，常出事故，快也就失去意義；只注意安全而不快，也就不能充分發(fā)揮起重機(jī)的效率；如果操作不合理，不但影響快，而且影響設(shè)備壽命。只要做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)、快、安全、合理地操作，才能充分發(fā)揮起重機(jī)在生產(chǎn)中的作用。

Crane operation method is stable, accurate, fast, safe, reasonable. Stability refers to the lifting and running process, hook and lifting objects should be stopped in the required position, do not produce swim swing and sway; quasi refers to hook smoothly and accurately stop at the required position; fast refers to the stable and accurate basis, the operation mechanism of coordination with the work, to minimize the time, running distance recently completed the hoisting working. Here said the steady, accurate, fast, safe, reasonable aspects are interrelated, inseparable. Instability not cannot quickly; do not guarantee safety in production, often out of the accident, soon will lose its significance; only safety first and not fast, it can not give full play to the efficiency of crane; if the operation is not reasonable, not only affect the speed, but also affect the life of the equipment. As long as the steady, accurate, fast, safe, reasonable operation, in order to give full play to the role of the crane in the production.

　　3.3安全教育

3.3 safety education

　　橋式起重機(jī)在工作過(guò)程中，由于指揮不當(dāng)，缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，考慮不周，捆綁不牢，或司機(jī)操作不合理，精神不集中，或者設(shè)備有未被排除的故障，帶病工作的原因，都可能造成人身或設(shè)備事故。因此經(jīng)常進(jìn)行安全教育是很有必要的。安全教育有定期教育和班前教育兩種形式。

Bridge crane in the work process, due to mismanagement, lack of experience, ill-conceived, binding is not strong, or the operation of the driver is not reasonable, spirit is not focused, or equipment is not excluded, cause sick work, may be caused by accident or equipment. Therefore, regular safety education is very necessary. Safety education and regular education and class education in two forms.

　　(1)定期教育。定期教育一般是由廠安全技術(shù)部門(mén)根據(jù)具體情況定期(一年或半年)組織全廠起重司機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)安全生產(chǎn)知識(shí)，主要內(nèi)容是：①對(duì)安全操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解釋?zhuān)虎趯W(xué)習(xí)交流有關(guān)起重機(jī)安全技術(shù)、檢驗(yàn)的知識(shí)；③從本廠和外廠的事故例證中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)；④總結(jié)推廣本廠和外廠的安全生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

( 1 ) regular education. Regular education is generally made of plant safety technology department according to the specific situation of regular ( or half a year ) organize crane drivers to learn the knowledge of production safety, the main content is as follows: a detailed explanation on the safety operation rules; learning the crane safety technology, test knowledge; from the accident example factory and outside plant in summing up experience; experience, summed up the promotion of safe production factory and outside plant.

　　(2)班前教育。班前教育每天由生產(chǎn)班長(zhǎng)、安全員、帶班司機(jī)利用接班前的幾分鐘時(shí)間，向全班司機(jī)講述有關(guān)安全生產(chǎn)的注意事項(xiàng)，其內(nèi)容一般有以下幾方面：①交流本班組與兄弟單位安全生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)；②指出本班組安全生產(chǎn)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，交待應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)，及時(shí)堵塞事故漏洞；③講述安全生產(chǎn)有關(guān)知識(shí)，提醒司機(jī)正確使用防護(hù)用品等。

( 2 ) the education before class. Before the class education daily by the production monitor, security guards, drivers use a succession of a few minutes before, to the class driver about notes on safety production, its content has the following several aspects:①communication safety production in this team and the brothers of the experience and lessons;②pointed out the weak link of the safety production, explain the matters needing attention, timely accident holes; the knowledge about the safety in production, to remind the driver of the proper use of protective equipment.

　　3.4使用過(guò)程中要遵守“十不吊”的原則

Adhere to the " ten not hanging " principle to the use of the 3.4 process

　　起重吊運(yùn)“十不吊”規(guī)定的內(nèi)容是前人用生命和鮮血換來(lái)的教訓(xùn)，是起重吊運(yùn)操作規(guī)程的基本內(nèi)容，是起重作業(yè)安全管理的核心內(nèi)容之一，是起重吊運(yùn)作業(yè)人員必須掌握的最基本的安全操作規(guī)程。主要有：①超載或被吊重量不明時(shí)不吊；②指揮信號(hào)不明確時(shí)不吊；③捆綁，吊掛不牢或不平衡，可能引起吊物滑動(dòng)時(shí)不吊；④被吊物上有人或有浮置物時(shí)不吊；⑤起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)或零部件有影響安全工作的缺陷或損傷，如制動(dòng)器及安全裝置失靈、吊鉤螺母防松裝置損壞，鋼絲繩損傷達(dá)到報(bào)廢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)不吊；⑥遇有拉力不清的埋置物時(shí)不吊；⑦外拉斜吊重物時(shí)不吊；⑧工作場(chǎng)地昏暗，無(wú)法看清場(chǎng)地被吊物和指揮信號(hào)時(shí)不吊；⑨重物棱角處與捆綁鋼絲繩之間未加襯墊時(shí)不吊；⑩鋼(鐵)水包裝得太滿(mǎn)時(shí)不吊。

Lifting and moving " ten not hanging " provisions of the predecessors with the life and blood for the lesson, is lifting the basic content of the operating rules, is one of the core content of lifting operation safety management, is lifting operations personnel must master basic safety rules. Mainly has:①overload or hanging weight unknown not hanging; the command signal is not clear not hanging;③bound, hanging is not firm or imbalance, may cause hanging sliding without hanging;④be hanging on someone or a floating storage when not hanging; the crane structure or components affect safety defects or damage the whole work, such as brake and safety device failure, hook nut anti-loosing device damage, damage of rope to be scrapped not hanging;⑥in pull not clear onplants not hanging; the pull cable lifting not hanging; the dark workplace, cannot see clear suspended matter and command signal is not hanging; between the heavy edges and tied rope without liner is not hanging; and steel ( iron ) water packaging too full without hanging.

橋式起重作業(yè)也是事故發(fā)生頻繁的作業(yè)，從事起重吊運(yùn)的作業(yè)人員，必須要有一定的安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)知識(shí)，具有高度責(zé)任感，熟練掌握起重吊運(yùn)的操作規(guī)程和一些規(guī)章制度，始終注意遵守“安全第一，預(yù)防為主”的國(guó)家安全生產(chǎn)八字方針，貫徹落實(shí)以人為本的理念。為了確保橋式起重機(jī)的安全作業(yè)，提高生產(chǎn)率，各個(gè)企業(yè)單位同時(shí)也應(yīng)該安裝各類(lèi)可靠靈敏的安全裝置，經(jīng)常開(kāi)展員工安全教育，經(jīng)常注意開(kāi)展安全檢查，制定詳細(xì)的安全檢查表，時(shí)刻注意橋式起重機(jī)的保養(yǎng)和管理工作。

Bridge crane operation and accident frequent operation, engaged in heavy lifting operations personnel, must have certain knowledge of safe production technology, with a high sense of responsibility, master crane operation rules. And some rules and regulations, always pay attention to the " safety first, prevention first " national safe production the eight-character policy, implement the people-oriented concept. In order to ensure the safe operation of bridge crane, improve productivity, the enterprises should also be equipped with safety devices of various kinds of reliable and sensitive, often carry out employee safety education, often pay attention to carry out safety inspection, formulate detailed safety check list, always pay attention to the maintenance and management of bridge crane.